Deprecated functions and methods
rgeos-deprecated.RdCumulative deprecated functions and methods from rgeos prior to package retirement/archiving during 2023.
gBuffer(spgeom, byid=FALSE, id=NULL, width=1.0, quadsegs=5, capStyle="ROUND",
joinStyle="ROUND", mitreLimit=1.0)
gDifference(spgeom1, spgeom2, byid=FALSE, id=NULL, drop_lower_td=FALSE,
unaryUnion_if_byid_false=TRUE, checkValidity=NULL)
gSymdifference(spgeom1, spgeom2, byid=FALSE, id=NULL, drop_lower_td=FALSE,
unaryUnion_if_byid_false=TRUE, checkValidity=NULL)
gIntersection(spgeom1, spgeom2, byid=FALSE, id=NULL, drop_not_poly,
drop_lower_td=FALSE, unaryUnion_if_byid_false=TRUE, checkValidity=NULL)
gUnion(spgeom1, spgeom2, byid=FALSE, id=NULL, drop_lower_td=FALSE,
unaryUnion_if_byid_false=TRUE, checkValidity=NULL)Arguments
- spgeom
sp object as defined in package sp
- byid
Logical determining if the function should be applied across subgeometries (TRUE) or the entire object (FALSE)
- id
Character vector defining id labels for the resulting geometries, if unspecified returned geometries will be labeled based on their parent geometries' labels.
- width
Distance from original geometry to include in the new geometry. Negative values are allowed. Either a numeric vector of length 1 when byid is FALSE; if byid is TRUE: of length 1 replicated to the number of input geometries, or of length equal to the number of input geometries
- quadsegs
Number of line segments to use to approximate a quarter circle.
- capStyle
Style of cap to use at the ends of the geometry. Allowed values:
ROUND,FLAT,SQUARE- joinStyle
Style to use for joints in the geometry. Allowed values:
ROUND,MITRE,BEVEL- mitreLimit
Numerical value that specifies how far a joint can extend if a mitre join style is used.
- spgeom1, spgeom2
sp objects as defined in package sp
- drop_lower_td
default FALSE; if TRUE, objects will be dropped from output GEOMETRYCOLLECTION objects to simplify output if their topological dinension is less than the minimum topological dinension of the input objects.
- unaryUnion_if_byid_false
default TRUE; if
byidtakes a FALSE in either position, the subgeometries are combined first to avoid possible topology exceptions (change in 0.3-13, previous behaviour did not combine subgeometries, and may be achieved by setting this argument FALSE- checkValidity
default NULL, integer 0L (no action), 1L (check), 2L (check and try to buffer by zero distance to repair). If NULL, a value set to 0L for GEOS < 3.7.2, 1L for GEOS >= 3.7.2 is read from values assigned on load. Error meesages from GEOS do not say clearly which object fails if a topology exception is encountered. If this argument is > 0L,
gIsValidis run on each in turn- drop_not_poly
deprecated argument, use drop_lower_td
Examples
p1 = readWKT("POLYGON((0 1,0.95 0.31,0.59 -0.81,-0.59 -0.81,-0.95 0.31,0 1))")
p2 = readWKT("POLYGON((2 2,-2 2,-2 -2,2 -2,2 2),(1 1,-1 1,-1 -1,1 -1,1 1))")
par(mfrow=c(2,3))
plot(gBuffer(p1,width=-0.2),col='black',xlim=c(-1.5,1.5),ylim=c(-1.5,1.5))
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(p1,border='blue',lwd=2,add=TRUE);title("width: -0.2")
plot(gBuffer(p1,width=0),col='black',xlim=c(-1.5,1.5),ylim=c(-1.5,1.5))
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(p1,border='blue',lwd=2,add=TRUE);title("width: 0")
plot(gBuffer(p1,width=0.2),col='black',xlim=c(-1.5,1.5),ylim=c(-1.5,1.5))
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(p1,border='blue',lwd=2,add=TRUE);title("width: 0.2")
plot(gBuffer(p2,width=-0.2),col='black',pbg='white',xlim=c(-2.5,2.5),ylim=c(-2.5,2.5))
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(p2,border='blue',lwd=2,add=TRUE);title("width: -0.2")
plot(gBuffer(p2,width=0),col='black',pbg='white',xlim=c(-2.5,2.5),ylim=c(-2.5,2.5))
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(p2,border='blue',lwd=2,add=TRUE);title("width: 0")
plot(gBuffer(p2,width=0.2),col='black',pbg='white',xlim=c(-2.5,2.5),ylim=c(-2.5,2.5))
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(p2,border='blue',lwd=2,add=TRUE);title("width: 0.2")
p3 <- readWKT(paste("GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(",
"POLYGON((0 1,0.95 0.31,0.59 -0.81,-0.59 -0.81,-0.95 0.31,0 1)),",
"POLYGON((2 2,-2 2,-2 -2,2 -2,2 2),(1 1,-1 1,-1 -1,1 -1,1 1)))"))
par(mfrow=c(1,1))
plot(gBuffer(p3, byid=TRUE, width=c(-0.2, -0.1)),col='black',pbg='white',
xlim=c(-2.5,2.5),ylim=c(-2.5,2.5))
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(p3,border=c('blue', 'red'),lwd=2,add=TRUE);title("width: -0.2, -0.1")
library(sp)
p3df <- SpatialPolygonsDataFrame(p3, data=data.frame(i=1:length(p3),
row.names=row.names(p3)))
dim(p3df)
#> [1] 2 1
row.names(p3df)
#> [1] "1" "2"
dropEmpty = gBuffer(p3df, byid=TRUE, id=letters[1:nrow(p3df)], width=c(-1, 0))
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
dim(dropEmpty)
#> [1] 1 1
row.names(dropEmpty)
#> [1] "b"
row.names(slot(dropEmpty, "data"))
#> [1] "b"
plot(dropEmpty, col='black', pbg='white', xlim=c(-2.5,2.5),ylim=c(-2.5,2.5))
plot(p3df,border=c('blue'),lwd=2,add=TRUE);title("width: -1, 0")
par(mfrow=c(2,3))
#Style options
l1 = readWKT("LINESTRING(0 0,1 5,4 5,5 2,8 2,9 4,4 6.5)")
par(mfrow=c(2,3))
plot(gBuffer(l1,capStyle="ROUND"));plot(l1,col='blue',add=TRUE);title("capStyle: ROUND")
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(gBuffer(l1,capStyle="FLAT"));plot(l1,col='blue',add=TRUE);title("capStyle: FLAT")
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(gBuffer(l1,capStyle="SQUARE"));plot(l1,col='blue',add=TRUE);title("capStyle: SQUARE")
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(gBuffer(l1,quadsegs=1));plot(l1,col='blue',add=TRUE);title("quadsegs: 1")
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(gBuffer(l1,quadsegs=2));plot(l1,col='blue',add=TRUE);title("quadsegs: 2")
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(gBuffer(l1,quadsegs=5));plot(l1,col='blue',add=TRUE);title("quadsegs: 5")
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
l2 = readWKT("LINESTRING(0 0,1 5,3 2)")
par(mfrow=c(2,3))
plot(gBuffer(l2,joinStyle="ROUND"));plot(l2,col='blue',add=TRUE);title("joinStyle: ROUND")
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(gBuffer(l2,joinStyle="MITRE"));plot(l2,col='blue',add=TRUE);title("joinStyle: MITRE")
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(gBuffer(l2,joinStyle="BEVEL"));plot(l2,col='blue',add=TRUE);title("joinStyle: BEVEL")
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(gBuffer(l2,joinStyle="MITRE",mitreLimit=0.5));plot(l2,col='blue',add=TRUE)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
title("mitreLimit: 0.5")
plot(gBuffer(l2,joinStyle="MITRE",mitreLimit=1));plot(l2,col='blue',add=TRUE)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
title("mitreLimit: 1")
plot(gBuffer(l2,joinStyle="MITRE",mitreLimit=3));plot(l2,col='blue',add=TRUE)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
title("mitreLimit: 3")
x = readWKT("POLYGON ((0 0, 0 10, 10 10, 10 0, 0 0))")
y = readWKT("POLYGON ((3 3, 7 3, 7 7, 3 7, 3 3))")
d = gDifference(x,y)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(d,col='red',pbg='white')
# Empty geometry since y is completely contained with x
d2 = gDifference(y,x)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
pol <- readWKT(paste("POLYGON((-180 -20, -140 55, 10 0, -140 -60, -180 -20),",
"(-150 -20, -100 -10, -110 20, -150 -20))"))
library(sp)
GT <- GridTopology(c(-175, -85), c(10, 10), c(36, 18))
gr <- as(as(SpatialGrid(GT), "SpatialPixels"), "SpatialPolygons")
try(res <- gIntersection(pol, gr, byid=TRUE))
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
#> output subgeometry 88, row.name: 1 g365
#> subsubgeometry 0: Polygon
#> subsubgeometry 1: Point
#> Error in RGEOSBinTopoFunc(spgeom1, spgeom2, byid, id, drop_lower_td, unaryUnion_if_byid_false, :
#> Geometry collections may not contain other geometry collections
res <- gIntersection(pol, gr, byid=TRUE, drop_lower_td=TRUE)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
# Robert Hijmans difficult intersection case
load(system.file("test_cases/polys.RData", package="rgeos"))
try(res <- gIntersection(a, b, byid=TRUE))
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
#> output subgeometry 1, row.name: 109 294
#> subsubgeometry 0: Polygon
#> subsubgeometry 1: Polygon
#> subsubgeometry 2: LineString
#> Error in RGEOSBinTopoFunc(spgeom1, spgeom2, byid, id, drop_lower_td, unaryUnion_if_byid_false, :
#> Geometry collections may not contain other geometry collections
res <- gIntersection(a, b, byid=TRUE, drop_lower_td=TRUE)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
unlist(sapply(slot(res, "polygons"), function(p) sapply(slot(p, "Polygons"), slot, "area")))
#> [1] 1.700212e+06 3.135474e-08 9.982584e-07 2.087862e-06 1.434509e-06
#> [6] 3.926317e-07 5.350546e-07 7.269743e+06 3.117775e+05 1.212778e+03
#> [11] 1.424050e+06
# example from Pius Korner 2015-10-25
poly1 <- SpatialPolygons(list(Polygons(list(Polygon(coords=matrix(c(0, 0, 2, 2, 0, 1, 1, 0),
ncol=2, byrow=FALSE))), ID=c("a")), Polygons(list(Polygon(coords=matrix(c(0, 0, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2),
ncol=2, byrow=FALSE))), ID=c("b"))))
poly2 <- SpatialPolygons(list(Polygons(list(Polygon(coords=matrix(c(0, 0, 2, 2,
1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 0, 0, 2), ncol=2, byrow=FALSE))), ID=c("c"))))
plot(poly1, border="orange")
plot(poly2, border="blue", add=TRUE, lty=2, density=8, angle=30, col="blue")
gI <- gIntersection(poly1, poly2, byid=TRUE, drop_lower_td=TRUE)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(gI, add=TRUE, border="red", lwd=3)
oT <- get_RGEOS_polyThreshold()
oW <- get_RGEOS_warnSlivers()
oD <- get_RGEOS_dropSlivers()
set_RGEOS_polyThreshold(1e-3)
set_RGEOS_warnSlivers(TRUE)
res1 <- gIntersection(a, b, byid=TRUE, drop_lower_td=TRUE)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
#> Warning: 1: MultiPolygon object 109 294 area 1.02961e-06
#> Warning: 2: MultiPolygon object 202 294 area 3.915e-06
#> Warning: 3: Polygon object 208 294 area 5.35055e-07
#> Warning: Exterior ring 0 of object 109 294 area 3.13547e-08
#> Warning: Exterior ring 1 of object 109 294 area 9.98258e-07
#> Warning: Exterior ring 0 of object 202 294 area 2.08786e-06
#> Warning: Exterior ring 1 of object 202 294 area 1.43451e-06
#> Warning: Exterior ring 2 of object 202 294 area 3.92632e-07
#> Warning: Exterior ring 0 of object 208 294 area 5.35055e-07
unlist(sapply(slot(res1, "polygons"), function(p) sapply(slot(p, "Polygons"), slot, "area")))
#> [1] 1.700212e+06 3.135474e-08 9.982584e-07 2.087862e-06 1.434509e-06
#> [6] 3.926317e-07 5.350546e-07 7.269743e+06 3.117775e+05 1.212778e+03
#> [11] 1.424050e+06
set_RGEOS_dropSlivers(TRUE)
res2 <- gIntersection(a, b, byid=TRUE, drop_lower_td=TRUE)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
#> Warning: 1: MultiPolygon object 109 294 area 1.02961e-06
#> Warning: 2: MultiPolygon object 202 294 area 3.915e-06
#> Warning: 3: Polygon object 208 294 area 5.35055e-07
unlist(sapply(slot(res2, "polygons"), function(p) sapply(slot(p, "Polygons"), slot, "area")))
#> [1] 1700211.935 7269743.131 311777.515 1212.778 1424050.306
set_RGEOS_dropSlivers(FALSE)
oo <- gUnaryUnion(res1, c(rep("1", 3), "2", "3", "4"), checkValidity=2L)
#> Warning: Too few points in geometry component at or near point 3001878.09776633 2416352.9858511998
#> Warning: Too few points in geometry component at or near point 3000956.1033775401 2413481.790976
#> Warning: Too few points in geometry component at or near point 3000956.1033775401 2413481.790976
#> res1 is invalid
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
#> Warning: 1: Polygon object 109 294 area 9.67871e-07
#> Warning: 2: Polygon object 202 294 area 2.02431e-06
#> Warning: Exterior ring 0 of object 109 294 area 9.67871e-07
#> Warning: Exterior ring 0 of object 202 294 area 2.02431e-06
#> Attempting to make res1 valid by zero-width buffering
#> Warning: Exterior ring 1 of object 1 area 2.99218e-06
unlist(sapply(slot(oo, "polygons"), function(p) sapply(slot(p, "Polygons"), slot, "area")))
#> [1] 1.700212e+06 2.992178e-06 7.269743e+06 3.117775e+05 1.212778e+03
#> [6] 1.424050e+06
ooo <- gIntersection(b, oo, byid=TRUE, checkValidity=2L)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
#> Warning: spgeom1 and spgeom2 have different proj4 strings
#> Warning: Exterior ring 1 of object 294 1 area 2.99216e-06
gArea(ooo, byid=TRUE)
#> 294 1 294 2 294 3 294 4
#> 1700211.9 7269743.1 312990.3 1424050.3
unlist(sapply(slot(ooo, "polygons"), function(p) sapply(slot(p, "Polygons"), slot, "area")))
#> [1] 1.700212e+06 2.992165e-06 7.269743e+06 3.117775e+05 1.212778e+03
#> [6] 1.424050e+06
set_RGEOS_dropSlivers(TRUE)
ooo <- gIntersection(b, oo, byid=TRUE, checkValidity=2L)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
#> Warning: spgeom1 and spgeom2 have different proj4 strings
#> Warning: Exterior ring 1 of object 294 1 area 2.99216e-06
gArea(ooo, byid=TRUE)
#> 294 1 294 2 294 3 294 4
#> 1700211.9 7269743.1 312990.3 1424050.3
unlist(sapply(slot(ooo, "polygons"), function(p) sapply(slot(p, "Polygons"), slot, "area")))
#> [1] 1700211.935 7269743.131 311777.515 1212.778 1424050.306
set_RGEOS_polyThreshold(oT)
set_RGEOS_warnSlivers(oW)
set_RGEOS_dropSlivers(oD)
# see thread https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-sig-geo/2015-September/023468.html
Pol1=rbind(c(0,0),c(0,10),c(10,10),c(10,0),c(0,0))
Pol2=rbind(c(0,0),c(10,0),c(10,-10),c(0,-10),c(0,0))
library(sp)
Pols1=Polygons(list(Polygon(Pol1)),"Pols1")
Pols2=Polygons(list(Polygon(Pol2)),"Pols2")
MyLay=SpatialPolygons(list(Pols1,Pols2))
Pol1l=Pol1+0.5
Pol2l=Pol2+0.5
Pols1l=Polygons(list(Polygon(Pol1l)),"Pols1l")
Pols2l=Polygons(list(Polygon(Pol2l)),"Pols2l")
MyLayl=SpatialPolygons(list(Pols1l,Pols2l))
inter=gIntersection(MyLay, MyLayl)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(MyLay)
plot(MyLayl,add=TRUE)
plot(inter, add=TRUE, border="green")
try(gIntersection(MyLay, MyLayl, unaryUnion_if_byid_false=FALSE))
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
#> An object of class "SpatialPolygons"
#> Slot "polygons":
#> [[1]]
#> An object of class "Polygons"
#> Slot "Polygons":
#> [[1]]
#> An object of class "Polygon"
#> Slot "labpt":
#> [1] 5.25 0.25
#>
#> Slot "area":
#> [1] 185.25
#>
#> Slot "hole":
#> [1] FALSE
#>
#> Slot "ringDir":
#> [1] 1
#>
#> Slot "coords":
#> x y
#> [1,] 10.0 10.0
#> [2,] 10.0 0.5
#> [3,] 10.0 0.0
#> [4,] 10.0 -9.5
#> [5,] 0.5 -9.5
#> [6,] 0.5 0.0
#> [7,] 0.5 0.5
#> [8,] 0.5 10.0
#> [9,] 10.0 10.0
#>
#>
#>
#> Slot "plotOrder":
#> [1] 1
#>
#> Slot "labpt":
#> [1] 5.25 0.25
#>
#> Slot "ID":
#> [1] "1"
#>
#> Slot "area":
#> [1] 185.25
#>
#>
#>
#> Slot "plotOrder":
#> [1] 1
#>
#> Slot "bbox":
#> min max
#> x 0.5 10
#> y -9.5 10
#>
#> Slot "proj4string":
#> Coordinate Reference System:
#> Deprecated Proj.4 representation: NA
#>
Pol1=rbind(c(0,0),c(0,1),c(1,1),c(1,0),c(0,0))
Pol2=rbind(c(0,0),c(1,0),c(1,-1),c(0,-1),c(0,0))
Pols1=Polygons(list(Polygon(Pol1)),"Pols1")
Pols2=Polygons(list(Polygon(Pol2)),"Pols2")
MyLay=SpatialPolygons(list(Pols1,Pols2))
Pol1l=Pol1+0.1
Pol2l=Pol2+0.1
Pols1l=Polygons(list(Polygon(Pol1l)),"Pols1l")
Pols2l=Polygons(list(Polygon(Pol2l)),"Pols2l")
MyLayl=SpatialPolygons(list(Pols1l,Pols2l))
inter=gIntersection(MyLay, MyLayl, unaryUnion_if_byid_false=FALSE)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
gEquals(inter, MyLay)
#> [1] FALSE
inter1=gIntersection(MyLay, MyLayl, unaryUnion_if_byid_false=TRUE)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
gEquals(inter1, MyLay)
#> [1] FALSE
gEquals(inter, inter1)
#> [1] TRUE
plot(MyLay, ylim=c(-1, 1.1))
plot(MyLayl, add=TRUE)
plot(inter, angle=45, density=10, add=TRUE)
plot(inter1, angle=135, density=10, add=TRUE)
inter2=gIntersection(MyLay, MyLayl)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
gEquals(inter2, MyLay)
#> [1] FALSE
gEquals(inter1, inter2)
#> [1] TRUE
x = readWKT("POLYGON ((0 0, 0 10, 10 10, 10 0, 0 0))")
y = readWKT("POLYGON ((5 5, 15 5, 15 15, 5 15, 5 5))")
d = gSymdifference(x,y)
#> Warning: GEOS support is provided by the sf and terra packages among others
plot(d,col='red',pbg='white')
